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发表于 2019-5-15 09:00
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Black swan events is a metaphor that describes an event that comes as a surprise, has a major effect, and is often inappropriately rationalized after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. The term is based on an ancient saying that presumed black swans did not exist – a saying that became reinterpreted to teach a different lesson after black swans were discovered in the wild.: A) O" }% I# p, }) ]; U
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The theory was developed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb to explain:$ M$ H l1 W( R7 i! b" g# N
}0 B4 D% f" Z0 t f& u( x( z/ l1. The disproportionate role of high-profile, hard-to-predict, and rare events that are beyond the realm of normal expectations in history, science, finance, and technology.
* c7 _6 Y6 I5 q; S$ n6 L& M" r2. The non-computability of the probability of the consequential rare events using scientific methods (owing to the very nature of small probabilities).0 H5 c1 U; k/ R
3. The psychological biases that blind people, both individually and collectively, to uncertainty and to a rare event's massive role in historical affairs. |
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